Responsiveness to staff support: evaluating the impact of individual characteristics on the effectiveness of active support training using a conditional probability approach

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Smith, C. J., Felce, D., Jones, E., & Lowe, K. (2002). Responsiveness to staff support: evaluating the impact of individual characteristics on the effectiveness of active support training using a conditional probability approach. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(8), 594-604. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00433.x

Publication date: 1 Nov 2002 Added to AutiHub: 26 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Connor J. Smith *
  2. D. Felce
  3. E. Jones
  4. K. Lowe

Abstract

Abstract Background Active support training was fully conducted in 38 community houses accommodating 106 adults with intellectual disabilities (ID; group 1), but not in a further 36 accommodating 82 adults with ID (group 2). The aims of the present study were to analyse whether staff became more effective in supporting resident activity after the implementation of active support, and whether there was evidence of differential responsiveness by people with differing status in relation to adaptive behaviour, psychiatric diagnosis, challenging behaviour or autism. Methods Observations of staff:resident interaction and resident engagement in activity were taken before and after active support training. Changes in Yule's Q statistics, indicating the likelihood that resident engagement in activity followed staff giving residents verbal instruction or non‐verbal assistance, were compared for the two groups. In addition, changes in similar statistics were compared for residents within group 1: (1) with Adaptive Behaviour Scale (ABS) scores above and below 180; and (2) with and without severe challenging behaviour, the triad of social impairments and mental illness. Results Yule's Q for engagement given non‐verbal assistance significantly increased post‐training among group 1, but not among group 2. Similar significant increases were found among group 1 residents with ABS scores below 180 without challenging behaviour, with and without the triad of social impairments, and without mental illness, but not with an ABS score above 180, with challenging behaviour and with mental illness. Conclusion The present analysis reinforces previous studies on the effectiveness of active support training for adults with more severe ID (i.e. with ABS scores below 180). Active support was as effective for people with the triad of social impairments as for those without it. However, the effectiveness of support offered to people with challenging behaviour or mental illness did not significantly increase.

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Cited references
39
With a DOI
24
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
14
0 / 39 (0.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 39 (2.6%)
References with detected author names
38 / 39 (97.4%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
13
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
119
From DOI or external metadata
119
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
32 / 119 (26.9%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 87 / 119 (73.1%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
0 / 119 (0.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 0 / 32 (0.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 0 / 73 (0.0%).
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