Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of a Dutch Version of the Actions and Feelings Questionnaire in Autistic and Neurotypical Adults

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van der Meer, H. A., Sheftel-Simanova, I., Kan, C. C., & Trujillo, J. P. (2021). Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of a Dutch Version of the Actions and Feelings Questionnaire in Autistic and Neurotypical Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(4), 1771-1777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05082-w

Publication date: 18 May 2021 Added to AutiHub: 18 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Hedwig A. van der Meer
  2. Irina Sheftel-Simanova
  3. Cornelis C Kan
  4. James P Trujillo *

Abstract

Abstract The actions and feelings questionnaire (AFQ) provides a short, self-report measure of how well someone uses and understands visual communicative signals such as gestures. The objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AFQ into Dutch (AFQ-NL) and validate this new version in neurotypical and autistic populations. Translation and adaptation of the AFQ consisted of forward translation, synthesis, back translation, and expert review. In order to validate the AFQ-NL, we assessed convergent and divergent validity. We additionally assessed internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Validation and reliability outcomes were all satisfactory. The AFQ-NL is a valid adaptation that can be used for both autistic and neurotypical populations in the Netherlands.

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These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 28 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
40
With a DOI
33
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
5
1 / 40 (2.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 40 (5.0%)
References with detected author names
38 / 40 (95.0%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
136
From DOI or external metadata
136
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
9
19 / 136 (14.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 117 / 136 (86.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
1 / 136 (0.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 1 / 19 (5.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 130 (0.8%).
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