Sex differences in autistic adults: A preliminary study showing differences in mentalizing, but not in narrative coherence

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Bylemans, T., Heleven, E., Asselman, E., Baetens, K., Deroost, N., Baeken, C., & Van Overwalle, F. (2023). Sex differences in autistic adults: A preliminary study showing differences in mentalizing, but not in narrative coherence. Acta Psychologica, 236, Article 103918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103918

Publication date: 16 Apr 2023 Added to AutiHub: 5 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)
  1. Tom Bylemans
  2. Elien Heleven
  3. Emma Asselman *
  4. Kris Baetens
  1. Natacha Deroost
  2. Chris Baeken
  3. Frank Van Overwalle

Abstract

Studying autism might be a complex endeavor due to its clinical heterogeneity. Little is currently known about potential sex differences in autistic adults, especially regarding mentalizing and narrative coherence. In this study, male and female participants told a personal story about one of their most positive and most negative life events and performed two mentalizing tasks. One of these mentalizing tasks was a recently developed Picture and Verbal Sequencing task that has shown cerebellar recruitment, and which requires mentalizing in a sequential context (i.e., participants chronologically ordered scenarios that required true and false belief mentalizing). Our preliminary comparison shows that males were faster and more accurate on the Picture Sequencing task compared to female participants when ordering sequences involving false beliefs, but not true beliefs. No sex differences were found for the other mentalizing and narrative tasks. These results highlight the importance of looking at sex differences in autistic adults and provide a possible explanation for sex-related differences in daily life mentalizing functions, which suggest a need for more sensitive diagnosis and tailored support.

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Cited references
100
With a DOI
94
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
5
4 / 100 (4.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 100 (2.0%)
References with detected author names
98 / 100 (98.0%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
5
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
486
From DOI or external metadata
486
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
129 / 486 (26.5%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 357 / 486 (73.5%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
4 / 486 (0.8%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 4 / 129 (3.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 4 / 402 (1.0%).
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