Register-based metrics of years lived with disability associated with mental and substance use disorders: a register-based cohort study in Denmark

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref PubMed BibTeX OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Weye, N., Santomauro, D., Agerbo, E., Christensen, M. K., Iburg, K. M., Momen, N. C., Mortensen, P. B., Pedersen, C. B., Whiteford, H. A., McGrath, J. J., & Plana-Ripoll, O. (2021). Register-based metrics of years lived with disability associated with mental and substance use disorders: a register-based cohort study in Denmark. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(4), 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00029-8

Publication date: 20 Mar 2021 Added to AutiHub: 29 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
11
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 11 (9.1%)
  1. Nanna Weye
  2. Damian Santomauro *
  3. Esben Agerbo
  4. Maria Klitgaard Christensen
  1. Kim Moesgaard Iburg
  2. Natalie C Momen
  3. Preben Bo Mortensen
  4. Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
  1. Harvey A. Whiteford
  2. John J McGrath
  3. Oleguer Plana-Ripoll

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders account for a substantial proportion of the years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. These estimates have generally been calculated top down based on summary statistics. The aim for this study was to calculate YLDs and a novel related measure, Health Loss Proportion (HeLP), for 18 mental and substance use disorders, based on person-level register data (bottom up). METHODS: A cohort of 6 989 627 Danish residents (5·9% had a diagnosis of a mental or substance use disorder registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register) was investigated. YLDs (the duration of disease multiplied by a disability weight) were calculated for the disorder of interest and for comorbid mental and substance use disorders. HeLPs were estimated as YLDs associated with an index disorder and comorbid mental and substance use disorders divided by person-years at risk in persons with the index disorder. All analyses were adjusted for mental and substance use comorbidity using a multiplicative model of disability weights. FINDINGS: Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent disorder, although schizophrenia was the leading cause of YLDs in both sexes combined (YLDs 273·3 [95 % CI 232·3-313·6] per 100 000 person-years). People diagnosed with schizophrenia lost the equivalent of 73% (63-83%) of healthy life per year due to mental and substance use disorders, the largest HeLP of all mental and substance use disorders. Comorbidity of mental and substance use disorders accounted for 69-83% of HeLPs in people with either cannabis use disorders, other drug use disorder and ADHD. By contrast, comorbidity explained 11-23% of the HeLPs in people with autism spectrum disorders, conduct disorder, and schizophrenia. INTERPRETATION: Substantial variation in disability was observed across age, sex, and disorders. The new HeLP metric provides novel details of the contribution of comorbidity to the disability associated with mental and substance use disorders. FUNDING: The Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Government Department of Health, European Union's Horizon 2020, Lundbeck Foundation, Stanley Medical Research Institute. TRANSLATION: For the Danish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
32
With a DOI
29
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
3
6 / 32 (18.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 32 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
32 / 32 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
1
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
3008
From DOI or external metadata
3008
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
265 / 3008 (8.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 2743 / 3008 (91.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
6 / 3008 (0.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 6 / 265 (2.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 1679 (0.1%).
  1. Anne Thorup , Lone Petersen , Pia Jeppesen , Johan Ohlenschlæger , Torben Christensen , Gertrud Krarup et al. (2007). Gender Differences in Young Adults With First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders at Baseline in the Danish OPUS Study . Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 195(5), 396-405. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000253784.59708.dd OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W179827044
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  2. Oleguer Plana-Ripoll , Carsten Bøcker Pedersen , Esben Agerbo , Yan Holtz , Annette Erlangsen , Vladimir Canudas-Romo et al. (2019). A comprehensive analysis of mortality-related health metrics associated with mental disorders: a nationwide, register-based cohort study . The Lancet, 394(10211), 1827-1835. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32316-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2982028900
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Marlene B. Lauritsen , Meta Jørgensen , Kreesten M. Madsen , Sanne Lemcke , Susanne Toft , Jakob Grove et al. (2010). Validity of Childhood Autism in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register: Findings from a Cohort Sample Born 1990–1999 . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 139-148. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0818-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1992094322
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Christopher J L Murray , Alan D López (1996). The Global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020: summary .
    Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1583327662
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. Nanna Weye , Natalie C Momen , Maria Klitgaard Christensen , Kim Moesgaard Iburg , Søren Dalsgaard , Thomas M. Laursen et al. (2020). Association of Specific Mental Disorders With Premature Mortality in the Danish Population Using Alternative Measurement Methods . JAMA Network Open, 3(6), e206646. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6646 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3029502789
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Roy Burstein , Tom Fleming , Juanita Haagsma , Joshua A. Salomon , Theo Vos , Christopher J L Murray (2015). Estimating distributions of health state severity for the global burden of disease study . Population Health Metrics, 13(1), 31. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12963-015-0064-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2173460560
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Ronald C Kessler , G Paul Amminger , Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola , Jordi Alonso , Sing Lee , T Bedirhan??st??n (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature . Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(4), 359-364. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e32816ebc8c OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1981722146
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Gregory A Roth , Degu Abate , Kalkidan Hassen Abate , Solomon M Abay , Cristiana Abbafati , Nooshin Abbasi et al. (2018). Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 . The Lancet, 392(10159), 1736-1788. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32203-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2899736836
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Natalie C Momen , Oleguer Plana-Ripoll , Esben Agerbo , Michael E. Benros , Anders D. Børglum , Maria Klitgaard Christensen et al. (2020). Association between Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical Conditions . New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1721-1731. Massachusetts Medical Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915784 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3018354989
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Nanna Weye , Maria Klitgaard Christensen , Natalie C Momen , Kim Moesgaard Iburg , Oleguer Plana-Ripoll , John J McGrath (2019). The Global Burden of Disease Methodology Has Been Good for Mental Disorders: But Not Good Enough . The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(2), 070674371989359. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0706743719893591 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995640143
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Keith Hawton , Kate Saunders , Anya Topiwala , Camilla Haw (2013). Psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to hospital following self-harm: A systematic review . Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 821-830. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.020 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1992972813
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Daniel Vigo , Laura Jones , Graham Thornicroft , Rifat Atun (2019). Burden of Mental, Neurological, Substance Use Disorders and Self-Harm in North America: A Comparative Epidemiology of Canada, Mexico, and the United States . The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(2), 070674371989016. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0706743719890169 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2991441650
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Gavin Andrews , Tim Slade , Cathy Issakidis (2002). Deconstructing current comorbidity: data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being . British Journal of Psychiatry, 181(4), 306-314. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/bjp.181.4.306 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023588377
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Konstantinos K. Tsilidis , Nikos Papadimitriou , Despoina Capothanassi , Christina Bamia , Vassiliki Benetou , Mazda Jenab et al. (2016). Burden of Cancer in a Large Consortium of Prospective Cohorts in Europe . Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 108(10), djw127. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw127 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2347050216
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. LV Kessing (1998). Validity of diagnoses and other clinical register data in patients with affective disorder . European Psychiatry, 13(8), 392-398. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80685-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2053036357
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Carsten Bøcker Pedersen , Ole Mors , Aksel Bertelsen , Berit Lindum Waltoft , Esben Agerbo , John J McGrath et al. (2014). A Comprehensive Nationwide Study of the Incidence Rate and Lifetime Risk for Treated Mental Disorders . JAMA Psychiatry, 71(5), 573. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.16 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100531973
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. A. Calderón‐Larrañaga , D. L. Vetrano , L. Ferrucci , S. W. Mercer , A. Marengoni , G. Onder et al. (2019). Multimorbidity and functional impairment–bidirectional interplay, synergistic effects and common pathways . Journal of Internal Medicine, 285(3), 255-271. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/joim.12843 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2898401647
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Ellen A. Struijk , Anne M. May , Joline W. J. Beulens , G. Ardine de Wit , Jolanda M. A. Boer , N. Charlotte Onland-Moret et al. (2013). Development of Methodology for Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Calculation Based on Real-Life Data . PLoS ONE, 8(9), e74294. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074294 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2059466961
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Spencer L James , Degu Abate , Kalkidan Hassen Abate , Solomon M Abay , Cristiana Abbafati , Nooshin Abbasi et al. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 . The Lancet, 392(10159), 1789-1858. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2912654919
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Ole Mors , Gurli P. Perto , Preben Bo Mortensen (2011). The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register . Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(7_suppl), 54-57. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1403494810395825 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2097401631
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Oleguer Plana-Ripoll , Carsten Bøcker Pedersen , Yan Holtz , Michael E. Benros , Søren Dalsgaard , Peter de Jonge et al. (2019). Exploring Comorbidity Within Mental Disorders Among a Danish National Population . JAMA Psychiatry, 76(3), 259. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3658 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2908945164
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Carsten Bøcker Pedersen (2011). The Danish Civil Registration System . Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(7_suppl), 22-25. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1403494810387965 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2102420102
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Grant M. A. Wyper , Ian Grant , Eilidh Fletcher , Gerry McCartney , Diane L. Stockton (2019). The impact of worldwide, national and sub-national severity distributions in Burden of Disease studies: A case study of cancers in Scotland . PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0221026. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221026 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2968389279
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. E. Jaaskelainen , P. Juola , N. Hirvonen , John J McGrath , Sujata Saha , M. Isohanni et al. (2013). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recovery in Schizophrenia . Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(6), 1296-1306. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs130 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2113487283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Joshua A Salomon , Juanita A Haagsma , Adrian C. Davis , Charline Maertens de Noordhout , Suzanne Polinder , Arie H Havelaar et al. (2015). Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study . The Lancet Global Health, 3(11), e712-e723. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00069-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2158543557
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Flaxman (2015). An integrative metaregression framework for descriptive epidemiology .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  27. Peter Uggerby , Søren Dinesen Østergaard , Rasmus Røge , Christoph U Correll , Jimmi Nielsen (2013). The validity of the schizophrenia diagnosis in the Danish psychiatric central research register is good . Dan Med J, 60(2), A4578-A4578.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2265059990
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Scott A. McDonald , Juanita A. Haagsma , Alessandro Cassini , Brecht Devleesschauwer (2020). Adjusting for comorbidity in incidence-based DALY calculations: an individual-based modeling approach . BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(1), 100. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-00987-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3023632682
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Ryan McGrath , Soham Al Snih , Kyriakos Markides , Orman Hall , Mark Peterson (2019). The burden of health conditions for middle-aged and older adults in the United States: disability-adjusted life years . BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 100. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1110-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2943577894
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Theo Vos , Amanuel Alemu Abajobir , Kalkidan Hassen Abate , Cristiana Abbafati , Kaja M Abbas , Foad Abd-Allah et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 . Lancet, 390(10100), 1211. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2751884637
    OpenAlex
  31. K. L. Musliner , X. Liu , C. Gasse , K. S. Christensen , T. Wimberley , T. Munk‐Olsen (2019). Incidence of medically treated depression in Denmark among individuals 15–44 years old: a comprehensive overview based on population registers . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 139(6), 548-557. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/acps.13028 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2938658136
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Oleguer Plana-Ripoll , Katherine L. Musliner , Søren Dalsgaard , Natalie C Momen , Nanna Weye , Maria Klitgaard Christensen et al. (2020). Nature and prevalence of combinations of mental disorders and their association with excess mortality in a population‐based cohort study . World Psychiatry, 19(3), 339-349. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/wps.20802 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3087300991
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations