Theory of Whose Mind? Exposing the Shortcomings of One of HRI’s Core Concepts

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Elmadagli, C. & Renoux, J. (2026). Theory of Whose Mind? Exposing the Shortcomings of One of HRI’s Core Concepts. Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 1369-1377. https://doi.org/10.1145/3757279.3788818

Publication date: 10 Mar 2026 Added to AutiHub: 28 Sep 2026 Type: Other Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Cansu Elmadagli *
  2. Jennifer Renoux

Abstract

The concept of Theory of Mind (ToM) is central to many social robotic studies. It may be invoked during the design of social robots as a way to improve collaboration or create a form of "social intelligence". It is also considered as an established fact and never put in question. However, many scholars have analysed the concept of ToM from a critical perspective and argued that it is, in fact, a theory with significant shortcomings, that rests on neuronormative and neuroprivileged grounds.

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Cited references
89
With a DOI
59
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
30
5 / 89 (5.6%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
4 / 89 (4.5%)
References with detected author names
85 / 89 (95.5%)
Without detected author names
4
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
29
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
204
From DOI or external metadata
204
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
23 / 204 (11.3%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 181 / 204 (88.7%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
5 / 204 (2.5%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 5 / 23 (21.7%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 5 / 191 (2.6%).
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