Psychiatric Emergency Visits of Autistic Adults With or Without Documented Borderline Personality Disorder

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Lee, C. H. J., Man, L. L. Y., Morra, A., Pace‐Tonna, C., Castelino, C., Courchesne, V., Frayne, M., Luk, V., Baharikhoob, P., Jachyra, P., Zaheer, J., Ameis, S. H., Lin, H., Sawyer, A., Lunsky, Y., & Lai, M. C. (2025). Psychiatric Emergency Visits of Autistic Adults With or Without Documented Borderline Personality Disorder. Autism Research, 19(1), e70148-e70148. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70148

Publication date: 20 Nov 2025 Added to AutiHub: 24 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
16
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 16 (6.2%)
  1. Ching-Hua Julie Lee
  2. Louisa Lok Yee Man
  3. Alexandra Morra
  4. Carleigh Pace‐Tonna *
  5. Chantelle Castelino
  6. Valerie Courchesne
  1. Margot Frayne
  2. Vanessa Luk
  3. Paria Baharikhoob
  4. Patrick Jachyra
  5. Juveria Zaheer
  6. Stephanie H. Ameis
  1. Hsiang‐Yuan Lin
  2. Amanda Sawyer
  3. Yona Lunsky
  4. Meng-Chuan Lai

Abstract

ABSTRACT Autism and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are each associated with increased psychiatric emergency department (PsyED) use, yet the service impact of coexisting autism–BPD remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1027 PsyED visits by 345 autistic adults (2018–2020) at an urban Canadian psychiatric hospital to compare service patterns between those with and without a BPD diagnosis. Sociodemographics, presenting reasons, restraint use, and disposition were analyzed using mixed‐effects logistic regression. BPD was documented in 33.5% of visits and in 11.0% of unique autistic individuals, more often in birth‐assigned females. Among all autistic individuals' PsyED visits, an autism diagnosis was documented in 60.2% of their text‐based charts. Furthermore, autism was documented less frequently when BPD was recorded, suggesting possible diagnostic overshadowing. Suicidality as the primary reason for visit was associated with documented BPD (OR 4.366, 95% CI 2.659–7.169; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in disposition (discharge vs. admission) or restraint use between birth‐assigned sex, BPD status, or documentation of autism within the visit. Findings underscore the need for sex‐sensitive, autism‐aware assessments and trauma‐informed care in PsyED settings, and caution against diagnostic overshadowing that influences clinical decision‐making. Limitations include a single‐site sample and lack of autism diagnosis timing data, precluding temporal inferences. Future work should test targeted interventions and clarify mechanisms of suicidality among autistic individuals with coexisting BPD. Integrated autism–BPD care pathways, with specialized outpatient supports, sensory‐friendly adaptations, and structured referrals, may improve care and reduce PsyED visits.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
64
With a DOI
63
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
1
3 / 64 (4.7%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 64 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
64 / 64 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
1
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
348
From DOI or external metadata
348
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
71 / 348 (20.4%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 277 / 348 (79.6%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
6 / 348 (1.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 6 / 71 (8.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 5 / 314 (1.6%).
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