Parent-mediated cognitive behavioural therapy for young children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: a randomized control trial
This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.
About the autistic author markercook, J., Donovan, C. L., & Garnett, M. S. (2017). Parent-mediated cognitive behavioural therapy for young children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: a randomized control trial. Early Child Development and Care, 189(1), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1303684
This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:
Authors
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a parent-mediated cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group anxiety intervention with young children with high functioning forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Thirty-one children aged four to six years with ASD and anxiety were randomly assigned to treatment or waitlist control conditions. Outcomes were assessed via parent-report measures of child anxiety and emotional awareness. Parental outcomes were also investigated via self-report.At post-treatment no treatment effects were found for child or parent outcomes. However, by three-month follow-up for the completer sample, children in the treatment group demonstrated significant reductions in internalizing behaviours and there was a trend for a reduction in anxiety compared to pre-treatment. For parent outcomes, at three-month follow-up for the completer sample, no significant effects were found.Results provided preliminary evidence that children may make some gains in terms of anxiety subsequent to their parents attending a group CBT intervention for anxiety.
Bibliography cited by this reference
Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.
Cited bibliography overview
These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 01:04.
- With a DOI
- 57
- Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
- 11
- References with detected author names
- 66 / 70 (94.3%)
- Without detected author names
- 4
- Without a structured title
- 5
- Without a stable identifier
- 10
- References with raw author names still to review
- 0
- References with external metadata lookup issues
- 4
- From DOI or external metadata
- 236
- From validated raw bibliography text
- 0
- Raw names already validated
- 0
- Raw names still to review
- 0
-
R P Brinker , R Seifer , A J Sameroff (1994). Relations among maternal stress, cognitive development, and early intervention in middle- and low-SES infants with developmental disabilities. PubMed, 98(4), 463-80.Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1486841504OpenAlex
-
Leonard Abbeduto , Marsha Mailick Seltzer , Paul Shattuck , Marty Wyngaarden Krauss , Gael Orsmond , Melissa M. Murphy (2004). Psychological Well-Being and Coping in Mothers of Youths With Autism, Down Syndrome, orFragile X Syndrome . American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(3), 237. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).Type: Article DOI: 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:pwacim>2.0.co;2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2117837844Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Connor M. Kerns , Philip C. Kendall (2012). The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(4), 323-347. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Carolien Rieffe , Paul Oosterveld , Anne C. Miers , Mark Meerum Terwogt , Verena Ly (2008). Emotion awareness and internalising symptoms in children and adolescents: The Emotion Awareness Questionnaire revised . Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 756-761. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Abidin R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index, professional manual . Parenting Stress Index, professional manual.Type: OtherCrossref
-
González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Caroline L. Donovan , Sonja March (2014). Online CBT for preschool anxiety disorders: A randomised control trial . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 24-35. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Tm Achenbach (2001). The manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles . Medical Entomology and Zoology.Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2982291262Crossref OpenAlex
-
Beate Oerbeck , Murray B. Stein , Tore Wentzel‐Larsen , Øyvind Langsrud , Hanne Kristensen (2014). A randomized controlled trial of a home and school‐based intervention for selective mutism – defocused communication and behavioural techniques . Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(3), 192-198. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Dina R. Hirshfeld-Becker , Bruce Masek , Aude Henin , Lauren Raezer Blakely , Rachel A. Pollock-Wurman , Julia McQuade et al. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for 4- to 7-year-old children with anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(4), 498-510. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Stacey Tomanik , Gerald E Harris , Jacqueline Hawkins (2004). The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 29(1), 16-26. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Martin M. Antony , Peter J. Bieling , Brian J. Cox , Murray W. Enns , Richard P. Swinson (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176-181. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
P.F. Lovibond , S.H. Lovibond (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Koa Whittingham , Kate Sofronoff , Jeanie Sheffield , Matthew R. Sanders (2009). Behavioural Family Intervention with parents of children with ASD: What do they find useful in the parenting program Stepping Stones Triple P? Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(3), 702-713. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Attwood T. (2008). The complete guide to Asperger's syndrome . The complete guide to Asperger's syndrome.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Ruth Bouma , Robert Schweitzer (1990). The impact of chronic childhood illness on family stress: A comparison between autism and cystic fibrosis . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(6), 722-730. Wiley.Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199011)46:6<722::aid-jclp2270460605>3.0.co;2-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2152316438Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Susan Dickerson Mayes , Susan L. Calboun (1999). Symptoms of Autism in Young Children and Correspondence with the DSM . Infants & Young Children, 12(2), 90-97. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Jordana K. Bayer , Ann V. Sanson , Sheryl A. Hemphill (2006). Children's Moods, Fears, and Worries . Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14(1), 41-49. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Gwynnyth Llewellyn , David McConnell , Kirsty Thompson , Samantha Whybrow (2005). Out‐of‐home Placement of School‐age Children with Disabilities and High Support Needs . Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 1-6. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Patti Ann Tryon , Susan D. Mayes , Robert L. Rhodes , Michael Waldo (2006). Can Asperger's Disorder Be Differentiated From Autism Using DSM-IV Criteria? Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21(1), 2-6. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Beck A. T. (1990). Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory . Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory.Type: OtherCrossref
-
S. Herring , Kylie M. Gray , J. Taffe , Bruce Tonge , D. Sweeney , S. Einfeld (2006). Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: associations with parental mental health and family functioning . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 874-882. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Stanley Wasserman , Larry V. Hedges , Ingram Olkin (1988). Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis . Journal of Educational Statistics, 13(1), 75. JSTOR.OpenAlex
-
Beck A. T. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II . Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Marie M. Bristol , James J. Gallagher , Kathleen D. Holt (1993). Maternal depressive symptoms in autism: Response to psychoeducational intervention. Rehabilitation Psychology, 38(1), 3-10. American Psychological Association (APA).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Jeffrey J. Wood , Jill Ehrenreich-May , Michael Alessandri , Cori Fujii , Patricia Renno , Elizabeth A. Laugeson et al. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Early Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Clinical Anxiety: A Randomized, Controlled Trial . Behavior Therapy, 46(1), 7-19. Elsevier BV.OpenAlex
-
Annette Estes , Jeffrey Munson , Géraldine Dawson , Elizabeth Koehler , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Robert Abbott (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay . Autism, 13(4), 375-387. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Susan Dickerson Mayes , Susan L. Calhoun , Michael J. Murray , Jill D. Morrow , Kirsten K. L. Yurich , Fauzia Mahr et al. (2009). Comparison of Scores on the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Gilliam Asperger’s Disorder Scale for Children with Low Functioning Autism, High Functioning Autism, Asperger’s Disorder, ADHD, and Typical Development . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(12), 1682-1693. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Brinker R. P. (1994). CIT0011 American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 463.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Allison M. Waters , Louise A. Ford , Trisha A. Wharton , Vanessa E. Cobham (2009). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for young children with anxiety disorders: Comparison of a Child + Parent condition versus a Parent Only condition . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(8), 654-662. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Michelle G. Craske , Allison M. Waters (2005). Panic Disorder, Phobias, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 197-225. Annual Reviews.Type: Article DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143857 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2163369871Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Julie D. Henry , John R. Crawford (2005). The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample . British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-239. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
(n.d.). CIT0013Type: Other DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.09.00Crossref
-
Helen Evert (2014). CBT for Children and Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 39(1), 119-120. Informa UK Limited.OpenAlex
-
Sam Cartwright-Hatton , Deb McNally , Andy P. Field , Stewart Rust , Ben Laskey , Clare Dixon et al. (2011). A New Parenting-Based Group Intervention for Young Anxious Children: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(3), 242-251.e6. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Sam Cartwright-Hatton , Deborah McNally , Caroline White (2005). A New Cognitive Behavioural Parenting Intervention for Families of Young Anxious Children: A Pilot Study . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33(2), 243-247. Cambridge University Press (CUP).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Susan H Spence , Ronald Rapee , Casey McDonald , Michelle Ingram (2001). The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(11), 1293-1316. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Denis G. Sukhodolsky , Lawrence Scahill , Kenneth D. Gadow , L. Eugene Arnold , Michael G. Aman , Christopher J. McDougle et al. (2008). Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(1), 117-128. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Kate Sofronoff , Michelle Farbotko (2002). The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training to Increase Self-Efficacy in Parents of Children with Asperger Syndrome . Autism, 6(3), 271-286. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
David W. Evans , Kristin Canavera , F. Lee Kleinpeter. , Elise Maccubbin , Ken Taga (2005). The Fears, Phobias and Anxieties of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Down Syndrome: Comparisons with Developmentally and Chronologically Age Matched Children . Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 36(1), 3-26. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Suneeta Monga , Brittany N. Rosenbloom , Azadeh Tanha , Mary Owens , Arlene Young (2015). Comparison of Child–Parent and Parent-Only Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Programs for Anxious Children Aged 5 to 7 Years: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 138-146. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Heather C. Janisse , Douglas Barnett , Mary A. Nies (2009). Perceived Energy for Parenting: A New Conceptualization and Scale . Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(3), 312-322. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Green S. (2013). CBT for children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders . CBT for children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Bruce Tonge , AVRIL BRERETON , MELISSA KIOMALL , ANDREW MACKINNON , NEVILLE KING , Nicole Rinehart (2006). Effects on Parental Mental Health of an Education and Skills Training Program for Parents of Young Children With Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(5), 561-569. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Peter A. Lachenbruch , Jacob Cohen (1989). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84(408), 1096. JSTOR.OpenAlex
-
Stephanie A. Hayes , Shelley L. Watson (2013). The Impact of Parenting Stress: A Meta-analysis of Studies Comparing the Experience of Parenting Stress in Parents of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629-642. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Hedges L (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis . Statistical methods for meta-analysis.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Peter M. McEvoy , Paula Nathan , Ronald M. Rapee , Bruce N.C. Campbell (2012). Cognitive behavioural group therapy for social phobia: Evidence of transportability to community clinics . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(4), 258-265. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Danielle Ung , Robert Selles , Brent J. Small , Eric A. Storch (2015). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Youth with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders . Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(4), 533-547. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Lauren E. Tobing , David S. Glenwick (2007). Predictors and Moderators of Psychological Distress in Mothers of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Journal of Family Social Work, 10(4), 1-22. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Charlotte Johnston , Eric J. Mash (1989). A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167-175. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Eric A. Storch , Elysse B. Arnold , Adam B. Lewin , Josh M. Nadeau , Anna M. Jones , Alessandro S. De Nadai et al. (2013). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Anxiety in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Controlled Trial . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(2), 132-142.e2. Elsevier BV.OpenAlex
-
SANDRA L. MENDLOWITZ , KATHARINA MANASSIS , SUSAN BRADLEY , DONNA SCAPILLATO , SOLVEIGA MIEZITIS , BRIAN E SHAW (1999). Cognitive‐Behavioral Group Treatments in Childhood Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Parental Involvement . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 1223-1229. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Suzanne Broeren , Peter Muris (2008). Psychometric evaluation of two new parent-rating scales for measuring anxiety symptoms in young Dutch children . Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(6), 949-958. Elsevier BV.OpenAlex
-
Michael A. Spiker , C. Enjey Lin , Marilyn Van Dyke , Jeffrey J. Wood (2012). Restricted interests and anxiety in children with autism . Autism, 16(3), 306-320. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Jonathan A. Weiss , M. Catherine Cappadocia , Jennifer Anne MacMullin , Michelle Viecili , Yona Lunsky (2012). The impact of child problem behaviors of children with ASD on parent mental health: The mediating role of acceptance and empowerment . Autism, 16(3), 261-274. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Francisca J. A. van Steensel , Susan M. Bögels , Sean Perrin (2011). Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 302-317. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
(n.d.). CIT0040Type: Other DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.08.00Crossref
-
Patricia A. Rao , Deborah C. Beidel (2009). The Impact of Children with High-Functioning Autism on Parental Stress, Sibling Adjustment, and Family Functioning . Behavior Modification, 33(4), 437-451. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Judy Reaven , Audrey Blakeley‐Smith , Kathy Culhane‐Shelburne , Susan Hepburn (2012). Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: a randomized trial . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(4), 410-419. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Donna B. Pincus , Lauren C. Santucci , Jill T. Ehrenreich , Sheila M. Eyberg (2008). The Implementation of Modified Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Youth with Separation Anxiety Disorder . Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15(2), 118-125. Elsevier BV.OpenAlex
-
Scarpa A. (2013). CBT for children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders . CBT for children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Schopler E. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) . The childhood autism rating scale (CARS).Type: OtherCrossref
-
(n.d.). CIT0049Type: Other DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.0074Crossref
-
Karen McKenzie (2007). The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome . Learning Disability Practice, 10(2), 26-27. RCN Publishing Ltd..OpenAlex
-
Marcia Jean Carter (2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 48(3).Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2906253013OpenAlex
-
Staff (2008). American Journal of Mental Retardation . Encyclopedia of Special Education, 108-108. Wiley.OpenAlex
-
(n.d.). CIT0060Type: Other DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.01.00Crossref
-
Keith Muller (1989). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences . Technometrics, 31(4), 499-500. Informa UK Limited.OpenAlex