« Je ne dirai pas quelque chose qu’on pourrait retenir contre moi »: une recension narrative pour comprendre la menace du stéréotype chez les personnes neurodivergentes

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Thomas, N., Doutreloux, E., & Grandisson, M. (2025). « Je ne dirai pas quelque chose qu’on pourrait retenir contre moi »: une recension narrative pour comprendre la menace du stéréotype chez les personnes neurodivergentes. Revue de la neurodiversité / Journal of Neurodiversity, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.65130/m6cv2xl

Publication date: 1 Apr 2025 Added to AutiHub: 6 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: French
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Authors

Publication authors
3
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 3 (33.3%)
  1. Nina Thomas *
  2. Emilie Doutreloux
  3. Marie Grandisson

Abstract

Les personnes neurodivergentes font partie du groupe minorisé de personnes considérées en situation de handicap. Cela inclut toutes les personnes dont le cerveau fonctionne différemment de la moyenne établie comme les personnes autistes, douées, dyslexiques ou ayant un profil d’attention variable. Au Québec, la Loi sur l’accès à l’égalité en emploi prévoit des cibles quantitatives d’embauche pour contrer la discrimination systémique à l’égard de groupes minorisés comme les personnes neurodivergentes. Le plus récent rapport triennal sur l’accès à l’égalité en emploi soulève que les cibles sont loin d’être atteintes en éducation et en santé pour les personnes employées neurodivergentes (Commission des droits de la personne et de la jeunesse [CDPDJ], 2023). Alors que ces données pourraient suggérer des obstacles importants à l’embauche, ces cibles reposent sur une volonté d’autodéclaration d’appartenance à un ou plusieurs groupes minorisés. Une cible non atteinte pourrait donc aussi indiquer un faible taux de divulgation de neurodivergence influencé par la menace du stéréotype. À cet égard, nous avons effectué une recension narrative des écrits pour identifier 1 — les processus créant une situation de menace, 2 — les conséquences de l’activation de cette menace, et; 3 — les pistes d’intervention pour minimiser cette menace. Notre recension suggère que les personnes neurodivergentes vivraient différemment la menace du stéréotype: elles la vivraient davantage en amont. Cela serait dû à des croyances erronées au regard de cette différence entretenues notamment par des formations professionnelles incomplètes ou désuètes. Les interventions habituellement privilégiées pour minimiser l’effet de la menace du stéréotype ne seraient pas suffisantes. Il faudrait également agir en amont sur ces croyances erronées concernant la neurodivergence en ajustant les formations professionnelles, en créant des occasions d’échanges avec les personnes neurodivergentes et en agissant sur la neuronorme établie. Ce faisant, la menace du stéréotype vécue en amont pourrait être minimisée, favorisant une divulgation qui, à son tour, pourrait contribuer à mettre en place un soutien et un accompagnement pour améliorer le bien-être des personnes employées neurodivergentes en santé et en éducation. Mots-clés: neurodiversité, autisme, menace du stéréotype, préjugés, éducation, santé, emploi.

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Cited references
55
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
4 / 55 (7.3%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
4 / 149 (2.7%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 4 / 22 (18.2%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 4 / 136 (2.9%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
22 / 149 (14.8%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 22 / 136 (16.2%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
18 / 22 (81.8%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 18 / 149 (12.1%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 18 / 22 (81.8%).
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