Hybrid Legacies: Evolutionary Consequences of Neandertal Introgression and Implications for Autism

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Casanova, E. L. & Holliday, T. W. (2025). Hybrid Legacies: Evolutionary Consequences of Neandertal Introgression and Implications for Autism. BioEssays, 48(1), e70100-e70100. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70100

Publication date: 15 Dec 2025 Added to AutiHub: 8 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Emily L. Casanova *
  2. Trenton W. Holliday

Abstract

ABSTRACT Recent work has shown that a subset of Neandertal‐derived single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) seems to be playing roles in autism susceptibility. We review this exciting research, as well as the known history of human migrations and interbreeding events between Homo sapiens and Neandertals, all while placing the current work within the context of hybrid dysgenesis and genetic incompatibilities. In addition to these “pushing” factors (purifying selection), we also explore potential “pulling” factors (positive selection), such as antagonistic pleiotropy and balanced polymorphism, which may influence the retention of otherwise weakly deleterious variants within the modern human genome. This work, along with other studies exploring associations between Neandertal‐derived alleles and other neurodivergent conditions, has significant implications for human brain evolution as well as modern human health.

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Cited references
119
With a DOI
112
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
7
2 / 119 (1.7%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 119 (0.8%)
References with detected author names
118 / 119 (99.2%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
7
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
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Author names detected in the cited bibliography
1109
From DOI or external metadata
1109
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
10 / 1109 (0.9%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 1099 / 1109 (99.1%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
2 / 1109 (0.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 2 / 10 (20.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 1 / 837 (0.1%).
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